CE-240-
Learning Disabilities
Characteristics
Difficulty pronouncing words.
Trouble learning to do snaps, zippers, buttons, and tying shoes
Difficulty controlling scissors, pencils and crayons, and coloring between two lines
Trouble sticking to routines and following instructions
Trouble rhyming
Difficulty mastering shapes, colors, numbers, and days of the week
This term encompasses a range of learning problems that have little or nothing to do with motivation and intelligence (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Children struggling with learning disabilities could, therefore, be as capable or intelligent as other children, but would usually "see, hear and understand things differently" (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). This as the authors further point out makes it quite challenging for such children to process, and put to use, new information (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Learning disabilities range from struggling with reading and spelling, to difficulty in understanding math (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2011).
The main types of learning disorders are "dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, dysphasia, auditory processing disorder, and visual processing disorder" (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2011). Among these, only dyslexia is associated with children aged between three and five; the rest mostly affect older, school-going children. The general characteristics of learning disabilities displayed by preschoolers include (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013);
Difficulty pronouncing words.
Trouble learning to do snaps, zippers, buttons, and tying shoes
Difficulty controlling scissors, pencils and crayons, and coloring between two lines
Trouble sticking to routines and following instructions
Trouble rhyming
Difficulty mastering shapes, colors, numbers, and days of the week
It would be prudent to mention, at this point, that it is quite normal for children of this age to display these difficulties from time to time. Action should only be taken if the child's "ability to master certain skills" is consistently uneven (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Moreover, the aforementioned difficulties could also be as a result of either of the other two disabilities (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013).
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ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Characteristics
Inattentiveness
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
This is a common disorder that hinders a child's ability to "inhibit their spontaneous responses -- responses can involve anything from movement to speech to attentiveness"...
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