Verified Document

Children, Ages 3-5: Common Disabilities Essay

CE-240- Learning Disabilities

Characteristics

Difficulty pronouncing words.

Trouble learning to do snaps, zippers, buttons, and tying shoes

Difficulty controlling scissors, pencils and crayons, and coloring between two lines

Trouble sticking to routines and following instructions

Trouble rhyming

Difficulty mastering shapes, colors, numbers, and days of the week

This term encompasses a range of learning problems that have little or nothing to do with motivation and intelligence (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Children struggling with learning disabilities could, therefore, be as capable or intelligent as other children, but would usually "see, hear and understand things differently" (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). This as the authors further point out makes it quite challenging for such children to process, and put to use, new information (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Learning disabilities range from struggling with reading and spelling, to difficulty in understanding math (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2011).

The main types of learning disorders are "dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, dysphasia, auditory processing disorder, and visual processing disorder" (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2011). Among these, only dyslexia is associated with children aged between three and five; the rest mostly affect older, school-going children. The general characteristics of learning disabilities displayed by preschoolers include (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013);

Difficulty pronouncing words.

Trouble learning to do snaps, zippers, buttons, and tying shoes

Difficulty controlling scissors, pencils and crayons, and coloring between two lines

Trouble sticking to routines and following instructions

Trouble rhyming

Difficulty mastering shapes, colors, numbers, and days of the week

It would be prudent to mention, at this point, that it is quite normal for children of this age to display these difficulties from time to time. Action should only be taken if the child's "ability to master certain skills" is consistently uneven (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013). Moreover, the aforementioned difficulties could also be as a result of either of the other two disabilities (Kemp, Smith & Segal, 2013).

2

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Characteristics

Inattentiveness

Hyperactivity

Impulsivity

This is a common disorder that hinders a child's ability to "inhibit their spontaneous responses -- responses can involve anything from movement to speech to attentiveness"...

So, instead of punishing or terming as 'ill-behaved' a child with the habit of blurting "out inappropriate comments at inappropriate times," it would be beneficial to first assess the likelihood of ADHD by observing their behavior across all situations; at home, in class, during play, during meals, etc. (Smith & Segal, 2014).
The key characteristics associated with ADHD are; inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and inattentiveness - each with a different set of symptoms (Smith & Segal, 2014).

Symptoms of Inattentiveness

Lack of attention to detail

Frequent careless mistakes

Easy distracted; difficulty maintaining focus

Trouble following directions and remembering things

Easily bored

Frequently misplacing toys

Symptoms of Hyperactivity

Constant squirming and fidgeting

Constant movement; inappropriate running or climbing

Excessive talking

Trouble relaxing and lying quietly

Hot temper

Trouble sitting quietly

Always 'on-the-move'

Symptoms of Impulsivity

Difficulty waiting for their turn in games or in line

Frequently interrupting others

Intruding on other children's games

Having frequent anger outbursts

Saying "the wrong thing at the wrong time" (Smith & Segal, 2014).

The presence of these symptoms is not, however, a guarantee for ADHD; certain medical conditions, behavioral and psychological disorders, traumatic experiences and learning disabilities could have the same symptoms. Professional advice should be sought to rule these out, before any treatment is advanced (Smith & Segal, 2014).

3

Autism

Characteristics

Difficulty applying multiple non-verbal cues

Difficulty developing relationships with peers

Lack of interest in sharing with peers

Lack of emotional and social reciprocity

Inadequate speech; no incentive to improve

Inability to sustain a conversation with peers

Unwillingness to play

Difficulty adhering to routines

Consistent motor manners

Consistent pre-occupation with objects

This refers to "a pattern of differences in a child's development that affects socialization, communication, play and behavior" (Autism Society of Los Angeles, 2014). The characteristics of autism displayed by children aged between 3 and five are;

Difficulty applying multiple non-verbal behaviors concurrently

Difficulty…

Sources used in this document:
References

Adams, S. & Baronberg, J. (2010). Importance of Family Involvement. Education.com. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/importance-family-involvement/

Autism Society of Los Angeles. (2014). Ages 3-5 - Transition to School. Autism Society of Los Angeles. Retrieved from http://autismla.org/The-Autism-Journey/Ages-3-to-5.htm

Kemp, G., Smith, M. & Segal, J. (2013). Learning Disabilities and Disorders. Help Guide. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/learning_disabilities.htm

Smith, M. & Segal, R. (2014). ADD/ADHD in Children. Help Guide. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/adhd_add_signs_symptoms.htm
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Children, Grief, and Attachment Theory
Words: 22384 Length: 75 Document Type: Term Paper

Figure 1 portrays three of the scenes 20/20 presented March 15, 2010. Figure 1: Heather, Rachel, and Unnamed Girl in 20/20 Program (adapted from Stossel, 2010). Statement of the Problem For any individual, the death of a family member, friend, parent or sibling may often be overwhelming. For adolescents, the death of person close to them may prove much more traumatic as it can disrupt adolescent development. Diana Mahoney (2008), with the

Child Clinical Intervention
Words: 4968 Length: 15 Document Type: Term Paper

Child Clinical Intervention Part I Child Abuse Physical abuse of children occurs throughout every social strata, although there may be an increased incidence among those living in poverty. Abuse often occurs at moments of great stress, and the perpetrator strikes out in anger at the child. The perpetrator may also have been abused as a child and may have poor impulse control. Because of the relative size and strength difference between adults

Children in the U.S. Has a Learning
Words: 1849 Length: 6 Document Type: Term Paper

children in the U.S. has a learning disability and nearly 3 million have ADHD. Most of them are between the ages of 5 and 21, males whose mothers have less than 12 years of education, of poor health and socio-economically disadvantaged. One in every 25 or 30 school children in one classroom will have a learning disability. Learning disabilities also persist for a lifetime. At present, these affected children

Music Therapy in Autistic Children
Words: 2858 Length: 8 Document Type: Term Paper

Melanie's frequency of inappropriate behavior was not consistent; she experienced unpredictable increases and decreases in hair pulling, screaming, scratching, and tantrum behavior. The study occurred in a self-contained classroom for children and youth with autism, which was housed within the special education department of a large state medical center. The classroom included four students, one certified classroom teacher, and three paraprofessionals. Students received one-on-one instruction; group instruction; speech-language, music, art,

Learning Disabilities in Children Learning
Words: 3039 Length: 10 Document Type: Term Paper

Among all the measures, sentence imitation illustrated the greatest power in discriminating poor and adequate readers (2010). Another study conducted by Flax, Realpe-Bonilla, Roesler, Choudhury, and Benasich (2010) studied the profiles of children with a family history (FH+) of language-learning impairments (LLI) and a control group of children with no reported family history of LLI (FH-) with the hope of identifying "which language constructs (receptive or expressive) and which ages

Establishing a Child Care Facility
Words: 10176 Length: 25 Document Type: Term Paper

Operating costs and future sales may be difficult to predict because there is no history to rely on since the business is not established. The single biggest disadvantage of starting a new business is the unknown. There are many rules, regulations, statutes and taxes that the owner may not be aware of at the time the business is opened. A new business owner may have a product that is

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now